Sleep-amount differentially affects fear-processing neural circuitry in pediatric anxiety: A preliminary fMRI investigation.

Insufficient sleep, as well as the incidence of anxiety disorders, both peak during adolescence. While both conditions present perturbations in fear-processing-related neurocircuitry, it is unknown whether these neurofunctional alterations directly link anxiety and compromised sleep in adolescents. Fourteen anxious adolescents (AAs) and 19 healthy adolescents (HAs) were compared on a measure of sleep amount and neural responses to negatively valenced faces during fMRI. Group differences in neural response to negative faces emerged in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the hippocampus. In both regions, correlation of sleep amount with BOLD activation was positive in AAs, but negative in HAs. Follow-up psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses indicated positive connectivity between dACC and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and between hippocampus and insula. This connectivity was correlated negatively with sleep amount in AAs, but positively in HAs. In conclusion, the presence of clinical anxiety modulated the effects of sleep-amount on neural reactivity to negative faces differently among this group of adolescents, which may contribute to different clinical significance and outcomes of sleep disturbances in healthy adolescents and patients with anxiety disorders

Symplectic integrators in sub-Riemannian geometry: the Martinet case

We compare the performances of symplectic and non-symplectic integrators for the computation of normal geodesics and conjugate points in sub-Riemannian geometry at the example of the Martinet case. For this case study we consider first the flat metric, and then a one parameter perturbation leading to non integrable geodesics. From our computations we deduce that near the abnormal directions a symplectic method is much more efficient for this optimal control problem. The explanation relies on the theory of backward error analysis in geometric numerical integration

Gesundheitliche Aspekte der Polizeiarbeit im Drogenbereich

Die Arbeit der Polizei im Betäubungsmittelbereich (insbesondere die Regelung der Spritzenkonfiskation) hat Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit von Drogenkonsumierenden. (...) Gegenstand der vorliegenden interdisziplinären Studie sind die rechtlichen Grundlagen der Polizeiarbeit sowie das Rollenverständnis der Polizei in bezug auf die Gesundheit von drogenkonsumierenden Personen, unter Berücksichtigung der allgemeinen polizeilichen Organisationsstrukturen. (...) Ziel der vorliegendenden Studie ist es, zum gegenseitigen besseren Verständnis der Arbeit der Polizei und der Arbeit des Gesundheits- und Sozialbereiches beitragen zu helfen, im Hinblick auf eine kohärente gemeinsam getragene Drogenpolitik. [Autoren, S. 14]]]> Substance-Related Disorders/prevention &amp; control ; Health Status ; Drug and Narcotic Control/organization &amp; administration ; Drug and Narcotic Control/legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; Police/legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; Police/organization &amp; administration ; Switzerland ger https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_11709.P001/REF.pdf http://nbn-resolving.org/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_117098 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_117098 info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Copying allowed only for non-profit organizations https://serval.unil.ch/disclaimer application/pdf oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_1165B45C8D74 2022-05-07T01:10:21Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_1165B45C8D74 Memory and Memories in Early Christianity. Proceedings of the International Conference held at the Universities of Geneva and Lausanne (June 2-3, 2016) Butticaz, Simon (ed.) Norelli, Enrico (ed.) info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject proceedings 2018 eng oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_1166 2022-05-07T01:10:21Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_1166 Académies de peinture. Wuhrmann, S info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart incollection 1997 Dictionnaire européen des Lumières, pp. 10-13 Delon, M (ed.) oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_11863 2022-05-07T01:10:23Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_11863 Inventaire du Fonds Le Grand Roy de l'Institut Benjamin Constant. Berlinger, M Candaux, JD info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 1999 Annales Benjamin Constant, vol. no 22, pp. 193-200 oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_11864 2022-05-07T01:10:23Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_11864 L'antisémitisme au quotidien: l'emploi d'un tampon "J" dans les administrations fédérales et vaudoises entre 1936 et 1940. Droz, L info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 1999 Revue suisse d'histoire, vol. vol. 49, no 3, pp. 353-70 oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_11865 2022-05-07T01:10:23Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_11865 Journal d'une course à Lausanne et Montreux. Hofmann, A Leresche, A info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 1999 Annales Benjamin Constant, vol. no 22, pp. 81-102 oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_11866 2022-05-07T01:10:23Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_11866 5e complément au Catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre manuscrite de Benjamin Constant. Hofmann, A info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 1999 Annales Benjamin Constant, vol. no 22, pp. 141-142 oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_11867 2022-05-07T01:10:23Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_11867 Luzarches. Benjamin Constant ou la solitude aux champs. Berlinger, M info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart incollection 1999 Balade en Val d'Oise, Sur les pas des écrivains, pp. 83-88 Craissati, MN (ed.) oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_11868 2022-05-07T01:10:23Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_11868 La mission diplomatique à Paris de Pierre-Maurice Glayre en juillet et en août 1799. Hofmann, A info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart incollection 1999 Le passé du présent. Mélanges offerts à André Lasserre, pp. 107-119 Studer B, Tissot L (ed.) oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_11869 2022-05-07T01:10:23Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_11869 Annales Benjamin Constant no 22 Collectif, info:eu-repo/semantics/book book 1999 oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_1186FACB0E2D 2022-05-07T01:10:23Z openaire documents urnserval <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_1186FACB0E2D Climatic niche shifts are rare among terrestrial plant invaders. info:doi:10.1126/science.1215933 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1126/science.1215933 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/22422981 Petitpierre, B. Kueffer, C. Broennimann, O. Randin, C. Daehler, C. Guisan, A. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2012 Science, vol. 335, no. 6074, pp. 1344-1348 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1095-9203 urn:issn:0036-8075 <![CDATA[The assumption that climatic niche requirements of invasive species are conserved between their native and invaded ranges is key to predicting the risk of invasion. However, this assumption has been challenged recently by evidence of niche shifts in some species. Here, we report the first large-scale test of niche conservatism for 50 terrestrial plant invaders between Eurasia, North America, and Australia. We show that when analog climates are compared between regions, fewer than 15% of species have more than 10% of their invaded distribution outside their native climatic niche. These findings reveal that substantial niche shifts are rare in terrestrial plant invaders, providing support for an appropriate use of ecological niche models for the prediction of both biological invasions and responses to climate change

Psychiatric characterization of children with genetic causes of hyperandrogenism

Objective: Very little is known about the mental health status in children with genetic causes of hyperandrogenism. This study sought to characterize psychiatric morbidity in this group. Design/methods: Children (8-18 years) with the diagnosis of classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) or familial male precocious puberty (FMPP) underwent a semi-structured psychiatric interview, the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version. According to sex and the literature, incidence of identified psychopathology was compared between the two endocrinological groups. We evaluated 72 patients: 54 CAH (21 females) and 18 FMPP. Results: Twenty-four (44.4%) CAH patients and 10 (55.6%) FMPP patients met the criteria for at least one lifetime psychiatric diagnosis. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was present in 18.2% of CAH males, 44.4% of FMPP males, and one case (4.8%) in CAH females. A high rate of anxiety disorders was also found in all the three groups (17-21%). Relative to females with CAH, the FMPP patients exhibited higher rates of ADHD. Age at diagnosis and the treatment modalities were not associated with psychopathology. Rates of psychiatric disorder, specifically ADHD and anxiety disorders, were higher than in the general population. Conclusion: Although anxiety disorders may occur at an increased rate in children with chronic illness, androgens may contribute to higher risk for psychopathology in pediatric patients with genetic cause of excess androgen. Early diagnosis and treatment of childhood hyperandrogenism is essential for optimal development. The results suggest that assessment for psychiatric disorders should be part of the routine evaluation of these patients

The Sunyaev-Zeldovich MITO Project

Compton scattering of the cosmic microwave background radiation by electrons in the hot gas in clusters of galaxies - the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect - has long been recognized as a uniquely important feature, rich in cosmological and astrophysical information. We briefly describe the effect, and emphasize the need for detailed S-Z and X-ray measurements of nearby clusters in order to use the effect as a precise cosmological probe. This is the goal of the MITO project, whose first stage consisted of observations of the S-Z effect in the Coma cluster. We report the results of these observations.Comment: To appear in Proceedings of `Understanding our Universe at the close of XXth century', School held Apr 25 - May 6 2000, Cargese, 16 pages LaTeX, 2 figures ps (using elsart.sty & elsart.cls), text minor revisio

Suicide and no axis I psychopathology

BACKGROUND: It is unclear why approximately 10% of suicide completers seem to be psychiatrically normal. To better understand this issue, we studied suicide completers without an axis I diagnosis and compared them, on measures of psychopathology other than axis I, to normal controls and suicide cases with axis I psychopathology. METHODS: 168 suicide cases were examined by way of a psychological autopsy with the best possible informant. Sixteen cases did not meet criteria for an axis I diagnosis; each of these cases was then age and gender matched to 52 suicide completers with an axis I disorder and 110 normal controls. RESULTS: Fourteen of sixteen suicide cases without an axis I diagnosis had detectable abnormalities that were more similar to the axis I diagnosed suicide group than to a living group. Both suicide groups were similar in the total number of past suicide attempts, the total number of individuals with an axis II disorder, and similar scores on measures of impulsive-aggressive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that most of the individuals who committed suicide and appeared psychiatrically normal after a psychological autopsy may probably have an underlying psychiatric process that the psychological autopsy method, as commonly carried out, failed to detect

Grey matter volume in adolescent anxiety: an impact of the Brain-derived neurotropic factor Val66Met polymorphism?

Objective: Minimal research links anxiety disorders in adolescents to regional gray matter volume (GMV) abnormalities and their modulation by genetic factors. Prior research suggests that a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) Val(66)Met polymorphism may modulate such brain morphometry profiles. Method: Using voxel-based morphometry and magnetic resonance imaging, associations of BDNF and clinical anxiety with regional GMVs of anterior cingulate cortex, insula, amygdala, and hippocampus were examined in 39 affected (17 Met allele carriers, 22 Val/Val homozygotes) and 63 nonaffected adolescents (33 Met allele carriers, 41 Val/Val homozygotes). Results: Amygdala and anterior hippocampal GMVs were significantly smaller in patients than in healthy comparison adolescents, with a reverse pattern for the insula. Post-hoc regression analyses indicated a specific contribution of social phobia to the GMV reductions in the amygdala and hippocampus. In addition, insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) GMVs were modulated by BDNF genotype. In both regions, and GMVs were larger in the Val/Val homozygote patients than in individuals carrying the Met allele. Conclusions: These results implicate reduced GMV in the amygdala and hippocampus in pediatric anxiety, particularly social phobia. In addition, the data suggest that genetic factors may modulate differences in the insula and dorsal ACC. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry; 2013;52(2):184-195

Age-Related Influence of Contingencies on a Saccade Task

Background: Adolescence is characterized by increased risk-taking and sensation seeking, presumably brought about by developmental changes within reward-mediating brain circuits. A better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying reward-seeking during adolescence can have critical implications for the development of strategies to enhance adolescent performance in potentially dangerous situations. Yet little research has investigated the influence of age on the modulation of behavior by incentives with neuroscience-based methods Methods: A monetary reward antisaccade task (the RST) was used with 23 healthy adolescents and 30 healthy adults. Performance accuracy, latency and peak velocity of saccade responses (prosaccades and antisaccades) were analyzed. Results: Performance accuracy across all groups was improved by incentives (obtain reward, avoid punishment) for both, prosaccades and antisaccades. However, modulation of antisaccade errors (direction errors) by incentives differed between groups: adolescents modulated saccade latency and peak velocity depending on contingencies, with incentives aligning their performance to that of adults; adults did not show a modulation by incentives. Conclusions: These findings suggest that incentives modulate a global measure of performance (percent direction errors) in adults and adolescents, and exert a more powerful influence on the control of incorrect motor responses in adolescents than in adults. These findings suggest that this task can be used in neuroimaging studies as a probe of the influence of incentives on cognitive control from a developmental perspective as well as in health and disease

Mutation prediction models in Lynch syndrome: evaluation in a clinical genetic setting

Background/aims: The identification of Lynch syndrome is hampered by the absence of specific diagnostic features and underutilization of genetic testing. Prediction models have therefore been developed, but they have not been validated for a clinical genetic setting. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of currently available prediction models. METHODS: We collected data of 321 index probands who were referred to the department of Clinical Genetics of the Erasmus Medical Center because of a family history of colorectal cancer. These data were used as input for five previously published models. External validity was assessed by discriminative ability (AUC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) and calibration. For further insight, predicted probabilities were categorized with cut-offs of 5%, 10%, 20% and 40%. Furthermore, costs of different testing strategies were related to the number of extra detected mutation carriers. RESULTS: Of the 321 index probands, 66 harboured a germline mutation. All models discriminated well between high risk and low risk index probands (AUC: 0.82-0.84). Calibration was well for the Premm1,2 and Edinburgh model, but poor for the other models. Cut-offs could be found for the prediction models where costs could be saved while missing only few mutations. CONCLUSIONS: The Edinburgh and Premm1,2 model were the models with the best performance for an intermediate to high-risk setting. These models may well be of use in clinical practice to select patients for further testing of mismatch repair gene mutations

Incentive processing in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH): a reward-based antisaccade study

Little is known about how steroid hormones contribute to the beneficial effect of incentives on cognitive control during adolescent development. In this study, 27 adolescents with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH, mean age 15.6 years, 12 female), a disorder of cortisol deficiency and androgen excess, and 36 healthy participants (mean age 16.3 years, 18 female) completed a reward-based antisaccade task. In this mixed-saccade task, participants performed eye movements towards (prosaccades) or away (antisaccades) from a peripherally occuring stimulus. On incentive trials, monetary reward was provided for correct performance, while no such reward was provided on no-incentive trials. Consistent with the hypothesis, the results showed that healthy, but not CAH adolescents, significantly improved their inhibitory control (antisaccade accuracy) during incentive trials relative to no-incentive trials. These findings were not driven by severity of CAH (salt wasters vs. simple virilizers), individual hormone levels, sex, age-at-diagnosis, or medication type (dexamethasone vs. hydrocortisone). In addition, no significant differences between groups were found on orienting responses (prosaccades). Additional analyses revealed an impact of glucocorticoid (GC) dosage, such that higher GC dose predicted better antisaccade performance. However, this effect did not impact incentive processing. The data are discussed within the context of steroid hormone mediated effects on cognitive control and reward processing